A published closed-loop result usually means the system completed a bounded campaign under supervision, with researchers monitoring runs, handling failures, and preparing inputs. Routine autonomous operation would mean the same system running many cycles unattended, with reliability, reproducibility, and data quality holding up without intervention. The distance between the two is the real measure of autonomy, because a single successful campaign can hide failure modes that only appear over many repetitions.
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Here is the part that gets lost in the headlines. A published closed-loop result usually means the system completed one bounded campaign, with researchers watching the runs, stepping in when something failed, and preparing what went in.
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