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Spotting AI-Generated Images and Videos: A Practical Checklist

1Why Detection Is a Judgment, Not a Test2Visual Clues in AI-Generated Images3Visual Clues in AI-Generated Video4Context and Content Clues5Metadata and Provenance Signals6A Practical Checklist and Common Traps
Visual Clues in AI-Generated Images

Skin, Hair, Fabric, and the Edges Between Them

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Texture problems are quiet. They are usually what makes an image feel off before you can name the reason. Skin fails in two opposite ways: smoothed to a plastic finish with no pores, or a pore pattern that repeats across the surface. Hair either merges into a solid mass or dissolves into the background instead of ending. On clothing, watch stripes that change width and checks that stop lining up across a fold. The most useful check in this group is the edge. In a real photo, an object in focus has a defined boundary. Here, boundaries blur or grow a faint halo, because the model has no separate idea of hair versus the wall behind it, so at an uncertain boundary it averages the two. One caution: retouching and compression also smooth skin, so smoothness alone is weak evidence.
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What to look at, and what failure looks like

  • Skin: over-smoothed to a plastic finish, or a pore or wrinkle pattern that repeats across the surface.
  • Hair: strands merging into a solid mass, strands dissolving into the background instead of ending, hair passing through clothing without interacting.
  • Fabric: stripes that change width, checks that do not line up across a fold, prints or logos that warp around the body.
  • Edges: a boundary between object and background that blurs, melts, or develops a faint halo instead of staying defined.

Why the edges fail

The model reconstructs patterns at a fixed level of detail and has no separate representation of "this is hair" versus "this is the wall behind it." At a boundary where it is uncertain which region a pixel belongs to, it averages the two, and averaging is what produces a blur, a halo, or a merged mass. The same fixed-detail reconstruction explains repeating texture: when the model needs more surface than it has distinct patterns for, it reuses one.

Do not over-read smoothness

Beauty retouching, noise reduction, and heavy JPEG compression all smooth skin and soften edges in genuine photographs. Over-smoothing alone is weak evidence. It becomes meaningful when it appears alongside a repeating pattern, a dissolving boundary, or one of the anatomy or lighting clues from the earlier pages.

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