Neuroanatomy and Stroke Localization Exam

Match each lobe of the brain to its primary function.

Match each subcortical structure to its primary function.

Match each cranial nerve function to the correct cranial nerve.

Explain why a left hemisphere stroke causes right-sided weakness. In your answer, describe the pathway crossing and the role of the motor cortex.

Explain how the Circle of Willis can compensate for an occlusion of one internal carotid artery. Include the role of the anterior communicating artery in your answer.

Explain why watershed zones are the first areas to suffer ischemia during systemic hypotension. Include the concept of distal perfusion in your answer.

Arrange the following structures in the correct order of blood flow from the heart to the primary motor cortex.

1. Aorta
2. Common carotid artery
3. Internal carotid artery
4. Middle cerebral artery

A patient presents with weakness of the right leg and apathy. Which artery is most likely occluded? Explain your reasoning in terms of the vascular territory and the functional areas affected.

A patient has pure motor hemiparesis on the right side without aphasia or neglect. Is this more likely a cortical or subcortical stroke? Explain your reasoning.

A patient speaks in slurred speech but can form correct sentences and understands language. Is this aphasia or dysarthria? Explain the difference between the two conditions.

A patient presents with numbness and tingling on the left side of the body without any weakness. Which lacunar syndrome is most likely, and where is the typical lesion location? Explain your reasoning.

A patient has loss of vision in the right visual field of both eyes, but central vision is spared. Which artery is most likely occluded? Explain the visual field defect and the reason for macular sparing.

Explain why a left brainstem lesion causes ipsilateral cranial nerve deficits and contralateral motor/sensory loss. Include the concept of crossed findings in your answer.

A patient has weakness of the right arm and leg, and the left eye is deviated down and out with a dilated pupil. Which syndrome is most likely, and where is the lesion? Explain your reasoning.

A patient presents with loss of pain and temperature sensation on the right side of the body, and on the left side of the face there is Horner's syndrome (ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis) and ataxia. Which syndrome is this, and what is the anatomical basis? Explain your reasoning.

Explain why DWI is the most sensitive MRI sequence in the hyperacute phase of stroke, and how ADC and FLAIR help date the lesion.