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Black Holes: Physics, Structure, and Theory

1Introduction to Black Holes and Historical Context2Foundations of General Relativity3The Schwarzschild Solution4Geometry of Spacetime and Tidal Forces5Rotating Black Holes: The Kerr Metric6Black Hole Thermodynamics7Hawking Radiation and Quantum Effects8The Information Paradox9Formation and Astrophysical Evidence10Direct Imaging and Future Horizons
Foundations of General Relativity

Bending of Light

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If acceleration mimics gravity, what happens to light? Picture a laser beam shooting horizontally across an accelerating elevator. To an outside observer, the light travels in a straight line. But because the elevator floor is rushing up to meet it, the light hits the opposite wall lower than where it started. To the observer inside, the light path looks curved. Since acceleration equals gravity, light must also bend when passing near a massive object.
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An animated visual demonstration showing a beam of light crossing an accelerating elevator. Because the elevator moves upward while the light travels across, the light appears to curve downward to an observer inside. By equivalence, light must also curve in a gravitational field.

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