In a covalent network crystal, each atom forms directional covalent bonds at fixed angles — for example, the tetrahedral arrangement in diamond. Because every bond must point the right way, the network is rigid and its melting point is very high. The same directional requirement makes nucleation slow: a stable nucleus needs a correctly oriented cluster of atoms, which is statistically rare.
How Chemical Bonds Drive Crystallisation and Crystal Growth
How Bond Type Controls Crystal Nucleation and Growth
When Bonds Point in Fixed Directions
2 / 6
Now take directionality to its extreme. In a covalent network crystal, each atom bonds to a fixed number of neighbours at fixed angles — the classic case is the tetrahedral arrangement in diamond.
0:00 / 0:00